What are the conditions in which the bladder should be removed?

Bladder cancer is a very aggressive cancer. Depending on its prevalence in the bladder, it may be necessary to remove the bladder if it is too large to be removed by TUR surgery (closed surgery by entering through the urinary tract), if it has spread to the muscle layer of the bladder or if it has certain characteristics even if it has not spread to the muscle layer.

Removal of the bladder (cystectomy) is usually necessary in cases of serious and life-threatening conditions. This procedure is preferred when other treatments have failed or are not suitable. Situations that require bladder removal may include:

Bladder Cancer: This is the most common reason for having the bladder removed. Cystectomy is recommended, especially if the cancer has spread to the muscle layer or in aggressive types that do not respond to superficial treatments (such as BCG treatment).
Other Cancers: Pelvic cancers that spread to the bladder or affect the bladder area (for example, advanced uterine, ovarian, or prostate cancer) may require cystectomy.
Urinary Tract Complications: Urinary tract complications that seriously impair bladder function and cannot be corrected may also require removal of the bladder. These conditions may include severe interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome) or severe urinary incontinence problems.
Serious Trauma: Severe trauma or injury to the bladder can irreversibly impair bladder function and lead to cystectomy.
Neurogenic Bladder: Loss of bladder control due to spinal cord injuries or some neurological conditions and the occurrence of complications such as chronic urinary retention or serious infections may require bladder removal.
Serious Bladder Infections: Chronic or recurrent bladder infections that are resistant to treatment can lead to damage to the bladder tissue and the need for cystectomy.

Bladder removal is a serious decision and is usually considered as a last resort after all other treatment options have been considered. This decision is recommended by doctors, taking into account many factors such as the patient's general health condition, the stage of the cancer, quality of life and individual preferences. Bladder removal has the potential to extend the patient's life and improve quality of life, but this procedure also involves significant lifestyle changes and treatment methods that require adaptation.

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